Trees Gallery - Dawyck Botanial Gardens. Page 5

Metasequoia - meta - changed or transformed; so the genus name means like a sequoia glyptostroboides - oides is a Greek suffix meaning resembling, so the tree resembles glyptostrobus, the Chinese swamp cypress (glypto - carved, grooved, strobus - cone).

Dawn redwood

A vigorous, fast-growing deciduous conifer with fibrous, orange-brown bark, making a large, narrowly conical tree to 25m tall. The globose pollen cones are 5–6 mm long, produced on long spikes in early spring, but only on trees growing in regions with hot summers. Older trees may form wide buttresses on the lower trunk. , and distinctive "armpits" under each branch. The bark is vertically fissured and tends to exfoliate in ribbon-like strips.

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Phellodendron chinensis - from Greek phellos - cork, dendron - tree; chinensis - from China

Chinese cork tree

A deciduous tree growing to 10m, native to C China, with young shoots at first thinly downy, brown and glabrous the second year. Flowers are small, yellowish green, crowded on a short, very downy panicle, followed by black, globose, aromatic fruits. It is known as Huang Bai in China, as is the bark, a fundamental herb in traditional Chinese medicine.

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Picea abies picea- from Latin pix - pitch, meaning pitch pine, abies - from the Latin for fir tree, referring to the tree's original classification or similarity to a fir

Norway spruce

A fast-growing evergreen conifer which can reach 40m and live for up to 1,000 years. They are tall and straight and of a triangular appearance, with a pointed crown. The young bark is a coppery grey-brown and appears smooth, but is rough with papery scales. Mature trees have dark purple-brown bark, with cracks and small plates. Twigs are orange-brown, grooved and hairless. Male flowers consist of clusters of stamens, which turn from red to yellow in spring when laden with pollen. Female flowers are red, upright and oval, and tend to form at the top of the tree. Once pollinated by wind, female flowers turn green and enlarge to become red-brown cones with diamond-shaped, rounded scales. Seeds are released in spring. [Woodland Trust]

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Picea asperata picea- from Latin pix - pitch, meaning pitch pine, aspera - rough, sharp, or sour, which likely refers to the needles being sharp and stiff.

Dragon spruce

A medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 25–40 m, with a trunk diameter of up to 1.5 m, native to W China. The cones are cylindric-conic, 6–15 cm long maturing pale brown 5–7 months after pollination, and have stiff, rounded scales.

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Picea breweriana picea - from Latin pix - pitch, meaning pitch pine, breweriana - honours William Henry Brewer (1828-1910), American botanist and professor of agriculture at Yale.

Brewer's spruce

A.k.a. Brewer's weeping spruce, or weeping spruce, a slow-growing large evergreen conifer growing to 20–40 m with a trunk diameter of up to 1.5 m, native to W North America, where it is one of the rarest on the continent. The pendulous foliage only develops when the tree grows to about 1.5–2 m tall; young trees smaller than this are open-crowned with sparse, level branchlets. The cones are longer than most other North American spruces, pendulous, cylindrical, 8–15 centimetres long. Immature cones are dark purple, maturing red-brown 5–7 months after pollination.

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Picea crassifolia picea- from Latin pix - pitch, meaning pitch pine, crassifolia - from Latin crassus - thick, folia -leaf, reflecting the nature of the needles.

Qinghai an inland province of NW China spruce

An evergreen conifer growing to 25 m, native to China, with a pyramidal or conical crown, becoming rather open in mature trees. The bark is orange-brown, smooth then flaking in young trees, becoming red-brown, rough and scaly in older trees. Cones are terminal, solitary, sessile, ovoid-oblong or cylindrical, initially green to purplish red, later green with purple margins to seed scales.

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Picea engelmannii picea- from Latin pix - pitch, meaning pitch pine, Engelmannii - a patronym, honouring George Engelmann (1809-1884), a German-born physician and botanist who lived in St. Louis.

Englemann's spruce

A.k.a. silver spruce, white spruce, mountain spruce, épinette d'Engelmann (Canadian French), pino real (Spanish). A large coniferous tree growing to 60 m, native to W North America, with a narrowly conical crown. Seed cones are deep purple, ripening to buff-brown, 7 cm long, with diamond-shaped scales. The wood is highly prized for producing distinctive tone wood for acoustic guitars and other instruments.

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Picea likiangensis picea- from Latin pix - pitch, meaning pitch pine, likiangensis - refers to the Lijiang range in Yunnan, W China, where the type specimen was collected by Delavay.

Lijiang spruce

A conical or columnar coniferous tree, growing to 25m tall, a native of Bhutan and China. Bark becomes grey and fissured with age. The ovoid cones, up to 10cm long, are red when young maturing to a pale brown. Its population has been reduced by 30% in 75 years by logging, and the species is therefore categorised as vulnerable by the IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature. . Cones are ovoid, 6 cm long, with flexible scales. P. likiangensis pubescens is a variety characterized by its downy or hairy young shoots, cones, and other parts.

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Picea purpurea picea - from Latin pix - pitch, meaning pitch pine, purpurea - purple, referring to the purple cones.

Purple cone spruce

A columnar, coniferous tree growing to 20m, native to China. It is likely to be a hybrid species produced by crosses between p. likiangensis and p. wilsonii. It has flaky, orange-brown bark divided into rather thin, scaly plates and produces ovoid, purple seed cones, which later turn brown.

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Picea schrenkiana picea - from Latin pix - pitch, meaning pitch pine, schrenkiana - in honour of German/Russian botanist Alexander von Schrenk (1816–1876)

Schrenk's spruce

A.k.a Asian spruce, a large evergreen conifer growing to 40–50 m, native to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and W China. It has a narrow conical crown with level branches and sometimes pendulous branchlets. The cones are cylindrical to conical, up to 12 cm long, purple when young, with moderately stiff, smoothly rounded scales.

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Picea smithiana picea - from Latin pix - pitch, meaning pitch pine, smithiana - after James Edward Smith (1759-1828), an English botanist and the founder of the Linnaean Society

Morinda the Nepalese name for the tree spruce

A.k.a West Himalayan spruce, a large evergreen conifer growing to 40–55 m. native to the W Himalaya and adjacent mountains. It has a conical crown with level branches and pendulous branchlets. The cones are cylindrical to conical, up to 16 cm long, green when young, maturing buff-brown, with stiff, smoothly rounded scales.

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Picea maximowiczii picea - from Latin pix - pitch, meaning pitch pine, maximowiczii - after Russian botanist Carl Maximowicz (1827 - 1891)

Japanese bush spruce

The Majestic Tree trail information board says: Maximowicz's spruce has a highly restricted distribution in central Honshu, Japan. This species has suffered from overexploitation and removal of native spruce forests in favour of larch plantations. It is currently listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants as Endangered IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature. Categories: EX, EW, CR, EN, VU, NT, CD, LC, DD, NE. ENdangered , but most of the remaining populations are now in protected areas. The name of this species honours the Russian botanist Carl Johann Maximowicz.

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